Cracked open the starter today when I got home and it is clear why it's making a lot of racket and not engaging properly.
3 teeth are missing from the ring gear that the electric starter motor engages into! They have broken off - the pieces were still in the metal housing mixed in with the whitish grease that's in there. Notice that they were not "filed down" - they broke completely off of the ring gear.
The question is why did this happen?
If I understand it correctly, the gear on the end of the starter motor should stay in constant contact with this ring gear.
If you look at the 3rd picture, you see two silver scuff marks in the side of the casing. That's right where the gear shaft from the electric starter motor sits. It almost looks like it is not aligned properly so it is rubbing on the housing.
Could that explain the teeth failure on the ring gear? I would almost expect a "wearing down" of the teeth if the starter gear shaft was not aligned correctly and it was only engaging the tips of the teeth (which would be the case if this starter shaft was aligned away enough so that it was rubbing on the housing).
Is that entire piece with the missing teeth called the bendix? It looks to me like I cannot simply replace that top horizontal ring gear, rather I have to buy an entire bendix.
I see the spring that everyone is talking about that they stretch a bit. It doesn't seem to me that that is an issue with mine though.
Interested in thoughts from those of you guys who have grappled with this thing before.